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The Untold Story: The Civilising Mission Of Portuguese Colonialism 1870-1930

Terry Pratchett

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Published in The Civilising Mission Of Portuguese Colonialism 1870 1930 (Cambridge Imperial And Post Colonial Studies)

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During the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the world was witnessing a surge in colonization by European nations. Among them, the Portuguese Empire played a significant role, establishing its colonial presence in Africa, Asia, and South America. However, history tends to overlook the impact and the civilising mission undertaken by the Portuguese during this era.

Cambridge Imperial and its researchers have recently shed light on this rarely discussed aspect of Portuguese colonialism. Their extensive study explores the transition of Portuguese colonial policy towards a mission of “civilising” the native populations between 1870 and 1930.

Those familiar with Portuguese colonial history may already be aware of the explorations and early colonization efforts dating back to the 15th century. By the late 19th century, the Portuguese Empire had colonies in present-day Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and East Timor, to name a few.

The 'Civilising Mission' of Portuguese Colonialism, 1870-1930 (Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies)

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The idea of the “civilising mission” during this period revolves around the intention of European colonial powers to bring progress, development, and enlightenment to the native populations. The Portuguese Empire, similar to other colonial powers, believed it had a duty to uplift and assimilate the indigenous people.

Although the intentions may seem noble on the surface, the consequences of these civilising efforts were often far from beneficial to the native inhabitants. The Portuguese undertook several measures to transform the regions under their control, including introducing new infrastructure, educational systems, and legal frameworks.

One critical aspect of Portuguese colonialism was the of Christianity. Missionaries played a significant role in spreading the religion and imposing European cultural values on the local populations. This aspect of the civilising mission was deemed crucial as religion was seen as a way to "civilize" and "convert" the "uncivilized."

The of Western educational systems was another crucial tool employed by the Portuguese to civilise the native populations. Schools were built, and the Portuguese language was enforced as the medium of education. This resulted in the spread of Portuguese culture, language, and values.

Infrastructure development was also a key component of the civilising mission. Railways, telegraph lines, and ports were constructed to facilitate trade and communication. These developments aimed to integrate the colonies into the global economy under Portuguese control. However, the main beneficiaries of this progress were often the Portuguese settlers and industrialists rather than the native populations.

The civilising mission of Portuguese colonialism in Africa faced numerous criticisms and challenges. Resistance from native populations was a constant struggle. Movements emerged, fighting against colonial rule and defending their cultural heritage. The MPLA in Angola and FRELIMO in Mozambique are prime examples of these resistance movements.

Additionally, the Portuguese Empire's approach to assimilation and "civilisation" neglected the rich cultural diversity and traditions of the native populations. This often resulted in discrimination against indigenous practices and languages. The imposition of European values and ideologies caused a loss of cultural identity for many communities.

The research conducted by Cambridge Imperial sheds light on the complexities and contradictions surrounding the civilising mission of Portuguese colonialism between 1870 and 1930. It highlights the multifaceted nature of colonialism and the impact it had on both the colonizers and the colonized.

The Legacy of Portuguese Colonialism

The traces of Portuguese colonialism can still be found in the countries that were once under their rule. The Portuguese language remains an important aspect of their cultural heritage, with Portuguese being the official language for millions of people in Africa and Asia.

The architectural marvels, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Stone Town in Zanzibar, showcase the influence of Portuguese colonialism. Historical landmarks and cultural practices still bear remnants of the colonial era, serving as reminders of the past.

Furthermore, the civilising mission of Portuguese colonialism has left lasting social, political, and economic legacies. The of Portuguese education and legal systems has had a lasting impact on these regions. The influence of Christianity brought by the Portuguese missionaries still resonates in the religious practices of the local populations.

Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the darker side of colonialism, including the exploitation of resources, forced labor, and cultural assimilation. The civilising mission, with its intention to uplift and assimilate the native populations, often disregarded the rights and dignity of these communities.

As we explore the hidden narratives of colonial history, it is crucial to remember the complexities and contradictions inherent in the civilising mission of Portuguese colonialism. Recognizing both the positive and negative impacts of this period allows us to understand the legacies left behind and work towards reconciliation and a more nuanced understanding of our shared history.

The civilising mission of Portuguese colonialism between 1870 and 1930 remains a topic that is often neglected in historical discussions. However, the research conducted by Cambridge Imperial sheds light on this aspect of Portuguese colonialism, exploring the intentions, strategies, and consequences of the civilising mission undertaken during that period.

While the civilising mission aimed to bring progress and development to the native populations, it often resulted in the exploitation and marginalization of these communities. The of Western education, Christianity, and infrastructure came at the cost of cultural assimilation and loss of identity.

It is essential to critically examine the legacy of Portuguese colonialism and engage in open discussions to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact it had on the colonizers and the colonized. By doing so, we can foster a more inclusive and empathetic approach to history, ensuring that the untold stories are heard and acknowledged.