The Middle East: The Making of Modern Humanitarianism

When we think of the Middle East, a region encompassing ancient civilizations, diverse cultures, and vibrant traditions come to mind. However, it is also a place where the foundations of modern humanitarianism were laid, shaping the way we view international aid and global responsibility today. This article explores the historical context and key events that contributed to the development of modern humanitarianism in the Middle East.

The Birth of Humanitarianism

Humanitarianism as a concept originated from the compassionate response to the suffering of others. The Middle East, with its rich history of major religions such as Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, has always emphasized the importance of helping those in need. These religious teachings formed a moral framework that influenced the subsequent evolution of humanitarian principles.

One of the earliest recorded instances of organized humanitarian aid can be traced back to the Islamic Golden Age. This period, spanning from the 8th to the 14th centuries, saw great advancements in science, philosophy, and medicine. Muslim scholars and physicians like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Ibn al-Nafis made significant contributions to medical practice and laid the foundation for philanthropic endeavors. These early humanitarians established hospitals and infirmaries, providing free medical care to both Muslims and non-Muslims, regardless of their social status or religious affiliation.

Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism

by Keith David Watenpaugh(1st Edition, Kindle Edition)

4.7 out of 5

Language	:	English
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The Impact of Colonialism

The 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the colonization of various Middle Eastern territories by European powers. While colonialism had negative repercussions for the region, it inadvertently accelerated the growth of humanitarian movements.

Western imperial powers, recognizing the importance of maintaining control over their colonies, often established schools, hospitals, and other social welfare institutions in the Middle East. These institutions aimed to mold the local population according to European ideals and values. However, they inadvertently exposed the locals to modern techniques of healthcare and welfare provision.

Additionally, the establishment of missions and religious organizations by European societies resulted in the expansion of philanthropic efforts in the region. Missionaries viewed the provision of aid as an essential part of spreading Christianity and converting the local population. These initiatives introduced modern healthcare practices, nutrition programs, and educational opportunities.

The Emergence of NGOs

Following the end of colonialism and the rise of newly independent states in the Middle East, a wave of nationalism swept across the region. This rekindled a sense of solidarity and responsibility to address the socio-economic challenges faced by the locals.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) started to emerge as significant actors in humanitarian efforts during this period. These organizations focused on providing aid in various sectors, such as healthcare, education, and disaster relief. NGOs played a crucial role in helping the local communities, especially during times of conflict and crisis.

The Middle East became a focal point for humanitarian interventions due to conflicts such as the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Lebanese civil war, and the Kurdish struggles. These crises not only exacerbated people's suffering but also highlighted the need for international support and solidarity.

The Present-day Humanitarian Landscape

In recent years, the Middle East has seen a surge in humanitarian challenges, including ongoing conflicts, mass displacement, and the refugee crisis. These crises have necessitated an increased global response and the continued evolution of modern humanitarianism.

The region's geopolitical significance and its vast oil reserves have attracted international attention. As a result, numerous international organizations, governments, and NGOs have stepped up their efforts to provide support. Humanitarian aid has expanded beyond immediate relief and now includes long-term development projects aimed at rebuilding communities and fostering self-sufficiency.

Moreover, the digital age has revolutionized the way humanitarian organizations operate in the region, allowing for better communication, information sharing, and fundraising. Social media platforms have become instrumental in raising awareness, mobilizing resources, and engaging with the global community. The use of technology and data in humanitarian responses has helped improve coordination and efficiency in providing aid.

The Middle East's complex history, religious traditions, and geopolitical dynamics have played a crucial role in shaping modern humanitarianism. From the underlying principles of compassion found in major religions to the unintended consequences of colonialism and the emergence of NGOs, the region has been at the forefront of humanitarian advancements.

Today, the Middle East continues to face numerous humanitarian challenges, but it also serves as a testament to the resilience of its people and the power of international solidarity. By understanding the historical context behind the development of modern humanitarianism in the region, we gain a deeper appreciation for the ongoing efforts to alleviate suffering and promote a more inclusive and compassionate world.

Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism

by Keith David Watenpaugh(1st Edition, Kindle Edition)

4.7 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	8751 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Word Wise	:	Enabled
Print length	:	273 pages
Lending	:	Enabled
X-Ray for textbooks	:	Enabled

FREE

Bread from Stones, a highly anticipated book from historian Keith David Watenpaugh, breaks new ground in analyzing the theory and practice of modern humanitarianism. Genocide and mass violence, human trafficking, and the forced displacement of millions in the early twentieth century Eastern Mediterranean form the background for this exploration of humanitarianism’s role in the history of human rights.

Watenpaugh’s unique and provocative examination of humanitarian thought and action from a non-Western perspective goes beyond canonical descriptions of relief work and development projects. Employing a wide range of source materials—literary and artistic responses to violence, memoirs, and first-person accounts from victims, perpetrators, relief workers, and diplomats—Watenpaugh argues that the international answer to the inhumanity of World War I in the Middle East laid the foundation for modern humanitarianism and the specific ways humanitarian groups and international organizations help victims of war, care for trafficked children, and aid refugees. 

Bread from Stones is required reading for those interested in humanitarianism and its ideological, institutional, and legal origins, as well as the evolution of the movement following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the advent of late colonialism in the Middle East.